In this example, the new solution (solution 1) would contain 10 E. If 1 mL of solution 0 is removed and added to 9 mL of saline (diluent 1), the new solution (solution 1) would contain 1/10 th of the initial concentration of E. coli cells suspended in 10 mL of nutrient broth. For example, solution 0 contains a total of 100 E. While an experimenter can choose any volume for each diluent, it is most often a multiple of 10, facilitating logarithmic reduction of the sample. These blanks usually consist of 0.45% saline, though the composition can be varied (7). Serial dilution is a systematic reduction of a known or unknown entity (a solute, organism, etc.) through successive re-suspension of an initial solution (solution 0) into fixed volumes of a liquid diluent (blanks). Often referred to as the father of modern bacteriology, Koch's forenamed techniques have become the gold standard for enumeration of microorganisms, culturable or otherwise, throughout the world. Descriptions of this methodology first appeared in 1883 when the German scientist and physician Robert Koch published his work on infectious disease-causing agents (2). As such, microbiologists have employed serial dilution and various plating techniques for over a century to reliably quantify bacterial and viral load in clinical, industrial, pharmaceutical, and academic laboratory environments (2,4,6). The ability to accurately estimate microorganism concentration is necessary for successful identification, isolation, cultivation, and characterization (6). Compounding this challenge, is the four-phase nature in which bacteria replicate (lag, log, stationary and death). Quantitative assessment of prokaryotes can be onerous given their abundance, propensity for exponential proliferation, species diversity within a population, and specific physiological needs. Corbo 1ฤก Department of Biological Sciences, Wagner College, 1 Campus Road, Staten Island NY, 10301 Blaize 1, Elizabeth Suter 1, and Christopher P.
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